The Complete Guide to Hydration and Sleep

Have you ever woken up in the middle of the night with a cotton-dry mouth and in desperate need of a sip of water? To try to prevent this, you might have tried to guzzle liquids before bed, only to be roused that night by a demanding bladder. Hydration and sleep require a good balance. When you hit that harmony just right, your chances for an excellent, uninterrupted slumber get better and better.

The Relationship Between Hydration and Sleep

“Sleep and hydration are interconnected and can influence one another,” Jordan Hill, a registered dietitian, tells Sleepopolis. “Proper hydration is essential for maintaining good sleep quality.” Hill says when your body gets dehydrated, you can experience uncomfortable symptoms that can disturb sleep. Dehydration symptoms include:

• Dry mouth
• Excessive thirst
• Headaches
• Muscle cramping
• Scratchy throat
• Sinus congestion 

Poor sleep can also lead to poor hydration, Hill explains. “When sleep deprived, hormone regulation can be altered, which can have a negative impact on fluid balance in the body. Being sleep deprived can also impair the ability to recognize thirst sensations accurately, leading to inadequate fluid intake.” 

On the flip side, when you go to bed hydrated, you sleep better, Hill says. If you take away all the disrupting effects of dehydration laid out above, your sleep quality can only improve. 

Why You Wake Up Feeling Dehydrated

You lose water while you sleep through your breath and sweat, a phenomenon called insensible fluid loss. This goes on 24 hours a day. But while you snooze, you can’t take sips from your water bottle or cup of tea like you may do during the day, so dehydration can creep in. 

General Risk Factors for Dehydration 

You may be at a higher risk for dehydration depending on some health factors:

• Age: Both young children and older adults can become dehydrated more easily. Children have a faster metabolism, they can’t easily communicate their thirst, and have more insensible fluid loss. Older adults tend to have a lower appetite and thirst, and they’re more likely to take medications that promote fluid loss.
• Diuretic medications: These medications help your body get rid of extra fluid, which takes some strain off your heart. However, balancing the fluid out and fluid in can get tricky, and sometimes diuretics can cause dehydration.
• Infection: Fevers can cause excessive sweating, leading to fluid loss and dehydration. A severe infection like sepsis can do the same, but faster.
• Stomach illness: If you experience prolonged vomiting and diarrhea, these symptoms can quickly lead to dehydration, especially in children.
• Chronic illness: A handful of long-term illnesses can cause fluid loss. The blood sugar spikes in diabetes can make your body get rid of fluid double-time. In another example, during an Addison’s disease crisis event, hormone imbalance can lead to severe dehydration.
• Low estrogen levels/Menopause: Estrogen and water love each other. When estrogen decreases during menopause, water may not want to hang around as much, and you can experience dehydration more easily. 

Lifestyle Factors

Illness and aging aren’t the only factors that can play a part in dehydration and sleep. 

• Snoring or mouth-breathing: Breathing through your mouth can increase insensible water losses. 
• Room temperature: A sleeping environment that is too warm can cause lots of sweating, which isn’t great for nighttime hydration.
• Nighttime exercise: If you exercise too close to bedtime, you might not have the chance to replenish your fluid before you fall asleep.
• Alcohol consumption: Consuming alcohol before bed makes you urinate more and can easily worsen dehydration during sleep — and that’s not even taking hangovers into consideration. 

Avoiding Dehydration During Sleep

You may wonder how to hydrate overnight, seeing as you’re asleep. You can improve your nighttime hydration by adopting some new habits, says Hill, who recommends the following tips:

• Keep your bedroom cool and well-ventilated so that excessive heat won’t cause increased fluid loss through sweating. 
• Limit alcohol intake. 
• Maintain a moist bedroom with a humidifier if you live in a dry environment.
• Put a glass or bottle of water next to your bed as a hydration reminder.
• Stay hydrated throughout the day by sipping water regularly, especially in hot weather or during exercise.
• Use breathable bedding and moisture-wicking pajamas to help regulate body temperature.

If you stay hydrated all day, you’ll be a lot less likely to lose too much fluid while you sleep.

The Most Hydrating Drinks, Ranked 

Hydration from fluids with or without electrolytes both have important uses because different situations call for different fluids, Hill explains.

Fluids Only

Hill ranks fluids in the following order from maximum hydration to least:

1. Water
2. Fruit-infused water
3. Smoothies with a water base
4. Nut milks, such as those made from almonds or cashews
5. 100 percent fruit juices
6. Teas

Fluids with Electrolytes

All the drinks above provide hydration, but drinks with electrolytes also provide minerals like potassium, calcium, and magnesium that may need to be replenished in certain situations. Electrolytes help your heart pump, your muscles work, and your brain send messages. They also clean out your cells and shoo out waste products through your kidneys. Hill ranks these electrolyte-laden beverages for hydration value in this order:

1. Sports drinks and electrolyte drinks (contains added forms of electrolytes, usually in higher concentrations than the natural forms)
2. Broths, white or chocolate cow’s milk, and coconut water (contains natural forms of electrolytes)
3. Smoothies with coconut water or milk base

Sports drinks claim to boost energy, replace electrolytes, prevent dehydration, improve physical performance, and lessen fatigue. For athletes who need a lot of fluid replacement, experts suggest that hydration with electrolytes may be the way to go. But for those not involved in intense physical activity, the high sugar content in sports drinks can outweigh any benefit.

How to Avoid Frequent Urination at Night 

In the process of avoiding dehydration, you can overhydrate and find yourself running to the bathroom all night. “To minimize nighttime urination and sleep disruptions, it’s generally recommended to limit fluid intake in the evening, especially in the hours leading up to bedtime,” Hill says. “However, individual fluid needs and tolerance can vary.” 

You can try gradually drinking less leading up to bedtime to find out how much is too much for you. Some other tips include:

• Keep your legs elevated during sleep. 
• Limit alcohol and caffeine at night.
• Stay away from white noise that has running water sounds.
• Use the bathroom right before bed.

When to Talk to a Doctor 

Fortunately, many dehydration risk factors have workarounds and preventive tactics. If you’re concerned you may be at high risk for dehydration from a health condition, let your healthcare provider know, and they can help you come up with a plan. 

Changing these habits can help you stay hydrated all night. If you think your snoring may be connected to a condition like sleep apnea, let your provider know. Some sleep problems can’t be solved by lifestyle changes alone, and your provider can help you get the treatment you need.

FAQs

The Last Word From Sleepopolis 

Sleep and hydration are closely intertwined. If you keep yourself hydrated throughout the day, your sleep quality will improve. Drink plenty of fluids from morning till evening, eat foods with a high water content, and keep your bedroom cool. If you start waking up to urinate more than usual, you can adjust your hydration timing and get back to uninterrupted sleep. Good hydration and better sleep are within reach.

Sources

Abby McCoy

Abby McCoy is an RN of 16 years who has worked with adults and pediatric patients encompassing trauma, orthopedics, home care, transplant, and case management. She has practiced nursing all over the world from San Fransisco, CA to Tharaka, Kenya. Abby loves spending time with her husband, four kids, and their cat named Cat.